What are the best natural exfoliators for dry skin?

Dry skin is also known as xerosis or xeroderma. It occurs when the skin lacks oil or moisture which is needed to keep the skin soft. The normal water content of the skin is 10% but in patients with dry skin it is reduced much less.
Dry skin is marked by flaking, scaling, itching, cracking and poor sleep.

Cold temperature causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing the blood flow to skin which results in dry skin and also some physiological changes like reduced sweat gland activity, increased water loss and changes in the skin PH during winter season contributes to dry skin.

Exfoliation is the natural process of getting rid of old dead skin cell that clog the epidermis of the skin every 28 days, however factors like seasonal changes (cold weather) the process slows down and creates a need for the natural exfoliating agents to remove the build-up of the skin

Some natural exfoliating agents are:
Lemon oil : it is obtained from the peel of the fruit, contains citroflavonoid which nourishes the skin and helps removing the dry scales of the skin.
Sugar: since sugar is granulated as dissolves easily it is considered to be a gentle exfoliating agent.
Honey: it is a mild exfoliating agent due to its antibacterial and moisturising property.
Fruit enzymes : extracts of papaya, pineapple contains papain and bromelain that naturally dissolves the dry skin and moisturize it completely.
Yogurt: contains lactic acid which deeply nourish the dry skin the body during winter season.
Scrub: oatmeal or coffee with rose water and aloe Vera gel can create a smooth and moisturizing effect when applied as a scrub to the body.
Avocado mask: it contains antioxidants and probiotics that will promote healthy, glowing skin.

Things to be avoided:
More sun exposure
Reduced intake of water
Over exfoliation or not moisturizing after exfoliating.
Harsh soaps or cleansers
Hot water

(Author: Dr Narendra Shetty, chief wellness officer at Kshemavana Yoga and Naturopathy Centre)